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Self-Esteem and Self-Reinforcement in Men Alcoholics; An Explanation of a Paradox
Alfred B. Heibrun, Jr., Harvey L. Schwartz
SUMMARY. In normative terms, men alcoholics have low self-esteem, but they alter the qualitative meaning of self-evaluations to inflate the value of behaviors they endorse and deflate the value of behaviors they do not endorse, thus neutralizing their deficit in self-esteem.
